How much do you know about the fireproof glass in the curtain wall of high-rise buildings?

Fireproof glass is a kind of special glass that can roughly connect its completeness and thermal insulation in the specified fire resistance test. Fireproof glass has the same optical and mechanical properties as ordinary glass under normal conditions. It can also slow down the heat transfer, smoke and fire expansion under the fire environment, and minimize the loss of fire. In some important places with special requirements, fireproof glass plays an important role.

1 example and fire resistance of fireproof glass

After more than ten years of growth, great changes have taken place in the production process and product properties, especially fire resistance. It plays an increasingly important role in the construction of fire safety. According to the difference of production process and layout, fire-proof glass for construction is divided into laminated fire-proof glass, wired fire-proof glass and single-chip fire-proof glass.

1. 1 laminated fireproof glass

Laminated fireproof glass is a special glass made of two or more layers of glass sheets compounded with fireproof adhesive, or one layer of glass sheet compounded with organic fire-resistant and heat-insulating material, or sealed with frame strips around two or more single-layer glasses, and then compounded with fireproof adhesive through the injection port, which meets the corresponding fire resistance requirements. At room temperature and at the initial stage of fire alarm, the laminated fireproof glass has the same light transmission performance and decorative performance as the flat glass. After the fire alarm, with the expansion of the fire, the fire alarm temperature increases, and the fireproof interlayer of the laminated fireproof glass expands and foams by heating, forming a very thick fire insulation layer, which plays the role of separating fire insulation and fire prevention. However, the laminated fireproof glass will produce tiny bubbles in production, which will quickly turn into milky white under the action of ultraviolet radiation and flame high temperature, losing the fundamental effect of glass permeability, which affects its popularization and application in the construction of curtain wall structure.

1.2 wired fireproof glass

Wired fireproof glass is a composite composed of metal mesh sandwiched in the organic film or inorganic paste interlayer in the center of two layers of glass. After the participation of the wire mesh, it not only improves the group impact resistance of the fireproof glass, but also can be connected with the electric heating and quiet alarm system, which plays a role in a variety of effects. However, the metal mesh inside the wired fireproof glass affects the light transmittance and visual results of the fireproof glass. It is impossible to meet the aesthetic requirements of the buildings and surrounding environment to be reached by the glass curtain wall.

1.3 single piece fireproof glass

Monolithic fireproof glass is a single-layer transparent special glass with fire integrity within a certain fire-resistant time limit, which can be used to isolate the expansion of flame and smoke, but does not have the results of temperature insulation. It is a production skill of fireproof glass introduced in China only in recent years.

The single piece of cesium potassium high-strength fireproof glass in the single piece of fireproof glass is a special quiet glass with high strength and high fire resistance, which can withstand the rapid change of strength and the impact of heat wave by special physical and chemical treatment and ion exchange for more than 20 hours under high temperature and high pressure.

The strength of single cesium potassium high-strength fireproof glass is 6 ~ 12 times that of ordinary glass and 1.5 ~ 3 times that of tempered glass. Single piece cesium potassium high-strength fireproof glass has passed the inspection of the National Center for quality supervision and inspection of fireproof construction materials. Its fireproof performance meets and exceeds the requirements of class C and class I specified in GB15763.1-2001 quiet glass fireproof glass for construction. It can be kept from cracking for 96 ~ 183 minutes under the impact of 1000 ℃ flame, so as to effectively stop the expansion of flame and smoke, It is conducive to the invention of fire in the first time, so that people have enough time to evacuate the scene and seize time for disaster relief. Due to the internal stress of the appearance of single cesium potassium high-strength fireproof glass, when the glass breaks, the fragments appear in the state of small blunt particles, which will cause harm to human body. In addition to high strength and fire resistance, the biggest feature of single cesium potassium high-strength fireproof glass is high light transmittance and weather resistance.

Under the action of ultraviolet and flame high temperature, it will not naturally emulsify and whiten the insulation layer, but still maintain the permeability effect. Due to the high strength, high fire resistance, high permeability and good weather resistance of single cesium potassium fireproof glass, it can be widely used in high-rise building external curtain wall to replace the traditional curtain wall glass and improve the fire safety degree of building glass curtain wall.

2. Promote fireproof glass curtain wall

In foreign developed countries and regions, the application of fire-proof glass curtain wall has a long history. In China, due to the limitation of fire-proof glass skills, fire-proof glass is mainly used in fire-proof windows, fire doors and some internal fire separation. Few projects promote the application of fire-proof glass in glass curtain wall structure. But in recent years, large and medium-sized cities all over the world have been scrambling to make ultra-high buildings. This growth trend has caused the equipment deployment department to attach great importance to the utilization of fireproof glass in high-rise buildings.

After the huge "29" fire alarm of CCTV in Beijing and the "1115" fire alarm in Shanghai, the problem of fire prevention and tranquility in the construction of exterior wall glass has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. In order to prevent similar tragedies from happening again, some experts at home have proposed to promote the application of fireproof glass and fireproof glass curtain wall in construction to replace ordinary glass curtain wall.

Ordinary curtain wall glass is not fire-resistant. Ordinary float glass breaks and destroys only 1 minute in case of fire, and tempered glass only 5 minutes. In the curtain wall structure system composed of frame, sealant strip and glass, the glass will burst at about 250 ℃. When the curtain wall glass bursts, the flame can escape from the outside of the curtain wall to the upper wall and burn the upper glass curtain wall, Into the upper room. Moreover, there is often a loophole between the vertical curtain wall and the floor slab. If the punishment is not handled or the punishment is unfair, when the fire alarm starts, the thick smoke, high temperature and flame will spread to the upper layer through the loophole.

After the first Intercontinental Bank building in Los Angeles became angry in 1988, the curtain wall glass burst quickly, and the flame rolled up along the outer wall, causing very heavy losses. On January 30, 1994, a fire broke out on the second floor of Shanghai Huxi Cultural Palace. Because there was no fire prevention punishment for the outer wall glass curtain wall, the curtain wall frame members melted down and the glass burst 10 ~ 15 minutes after the fire, and the whole construction was affected. On February 3, 2011, the landmark Wanxin Hotel of Shenyang Imperial Dynasty was built in Shenyang. As fireworks exploded and ignited plastic lawn and combustible rubber strips, a fire shocked the world. Tower B used ordinary outer window glass. The fire stretched. The thermal insulation materials of Tower B were completely burned, the outer window glass was almost completely broken, and the interior of Tower B was completely abandoned. Single piece cesium potassium high-strength fireproof glass is selected for tower a. the thermal insulation materials of tower a are completely burned out in case of fire extension, but the external window glass is intact. The interior of tower a is not affected by the fire, and it is still prosperous and prosperous and normal business.

Through comparative analysis, it can be considered that the fireproof glass used in tower a effectively prevented the fire smoke of the external insulation layer from penetrating and discharging into the interior of the building, while the ordinary glass used in Tower B broke to form a fire extension channel, and the fire grew rapidly from outside to inside into a huge three-dimensional combustion fire, making fire fighting and fire control extremely difficult. Improving the fire protection performance of external windows and exterior walls can effectively stop the spread of fire. It is an important step to reduce the loss of fire and eliminate staff casualties. The placement of fireproof glass will become an important skill for high-rise buildings to stop the spread of fire.

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